PGS is Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS), which uses PGS to detect chromosome number and structural abnormalities in early embryos before implantation, mainly to detect whether the chromosome structure and number of embryos are normal.
PGD is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), which is mainly used to check whether an embryo carries genes for genetic defects. After the sperm and egg unite to form a fertilized egg and develop into an embryo, PGD technology is used to perform genetic testing before implantation into the uterus, so that IVF babies can be protected from some genetic diseases. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is now able to diagnose monogenic genetic diseases such as genetic deafness and polycystic kidney disease.
Both techniques allow direct screening of faulty embryos, thereby eliminating unhealthy embryos and selecting normal embryos for implantation into the uterus with a view to obtaining a normal pregnancy and improving the patient's clinical pregnancy rate.
Both PGS and PGD are used to screen the health of embryos prior to transfer, but the most significant difference is that PGS is a genetic screen and PGD is diagnostic.
PGS is a genetic test that screens for all chromosomes in the embryo to see if there are any deletions in the chromosome pairs, if the morphology is normal, etc. PGS is performed after the fertilized egg has formed into a zygote (on day 3 of incubation), or after the zygote has formed into a blastocyst (on day 5 of incubation). Embryos with chromosomal problems have difficulty developing to maturity naturally and are commonly aborted in the 5th or 6th month. Even if the embryo survives to natural birth, there is a high probability that the baby will have health problems. Therefore, PGS is a very valuable technique for pregnant women who are elderly or who have had repeated miscarriages.
PGD is a genetic diagnosis that is mainly used to check whether an embryo carries genes for genetic defects. After the sperm and egg unite in vitro to form a fertilized egg and develop into an embryo, genetic testing is performed before implantation in the uterus so that IVF babies can be protected from some genetic diseases. Currently, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in China can diagnose some single gene genetic diseases, such as genetic deafness and polycystic kidney disease. If a parent has a monogenic genetic disease, it is highly likely that the disease will be passed on to the next generation. This test is performed in the same way as PGS, but instead of looking at the chromosomes, the lab looks for specific disease-causing mutations. The PGD technique determines which embryos are normal, thus preventing the transmission of the single gene disease and resulting in healthy babies.
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